{"id":12555,"date":"2018-07-05T09:20:20","date_gmt":"2018-07-05T08:20:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/goodmanray.com\/?p=12555"},"modified":"2025-02-05T11:40:14","modified_gmt":"2025-02-05T11:40:14","slug":"the-development-of-the-law-in-relation-to-forced-marriage-in-the-united-kingdom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.goodmanray.com\/pt\/news\/2018\/07\/the-development-of-the-law-in-relation-to-forced-marriage-in-the-united-kingdom\/","title":{"rendered":"A evolu\u00e7\u00e3o da legisla\u00e7\u00e3o relativa ao casamento for\u00e7ado no Reino Unido"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">At\u00e9 h\u00e1 relativamente pouco tempo, o casamento for\u00e7ado n\u00e3o era considerado uma infra\u00e7\u00e3o penal espec\u00edfica, nem existiam medidas de prote\u00e7\u00e3o nos tribunais civis para evitar o casamento for\u00e7ado. O casamento for\u00e7ado era considerado no \u00e2mbito do direito penal atrav\u00e9s de crimes como o rapto e os crimes de viol\u00eancia. No entanto, a lei que regia estes crimes era paternalista; o requisito era que uma rapariga fosse retirada da posse dos seus pais ou tutores contra a sua vontade.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Em 26 de julho de 2007, a Lei do Casamento For\u00e7ado (Prote\u00e7\u00e3o Civil) (FMCPA) recebeu o consentimento real como Parte 4A da Lei do Direito da Fam\u00edlia de 1996 e foi implementada em 25 de novembro de 2008. O objetivo desta legisla\u00e7\u00e3o era proporcionar solu\u00e7\u00f5es civis para as pessoas confrontadas com casamentos for\u00e7ados. Esperava-se que, ao utilizar disposi\u00e7\u00f5es de direito civil e n\u00e3o de direito penal, a lei encorajasse as v\u00edtimas a procurar prote\u00e7\u00e3o, uma vez que n\u00e3o implicaria denunciar membros da fam\u00edlia \u00e0 pol\u00edcia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A FMCPA pro\u00edbe expressamente a pr\u00e1tica, o incentivo ou a ajuda ao casamento for\u00e7ado, que \u00e9 definido como <em>\u201cfor\u00e7ar, ou tentar for\u00e7ar, outra pessoa a contrair um casamento, ou um pretenso casamento, sem o livre e pleno consentimento dessa outra pessoa, ou praticar o engano com o objetivo de levar outra pessoa a contrair um casamento, ou um pretenso casamento, sem o livre e pleno consentimento dessa outra pessoa.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">A Sec\u00e7\u00e3o 63A da FMCPA permite aos tribunais em Inglaterra e no Pa\u00eds de Gales emitir ordens de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra o casamento for\u00e7ado (FMPOs). As FMPOs s\u00e3o injun\u00e7\u00f5es feitas por um tribunal para proibir as pessoas de praticarem determinados actos que possam levar a que um indiv\u00edduo nomeado seja for\u00e7ado a casar. As FMPO s\u00e3o pormenorizadas e espec\u00edficas para cada caso. Podem durar um determinado per\u00edodo de tempo ou ser efetivamente indefinidas.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">De forma cr\u00edtica, atrav\u00e9s das FMPOs, o FMCPA torna poss\u00edvel que as pessoas em risco de casamento for\u00e7ado apresentem pedidos antes da realiza\u00e7\u00e3o de um casamento for\u00e7ado. Este foi um desenvolvimento significativo na lei, uma vez que a legisla\u00e7\u00e3o anterior, ao abrigo do direito penal, n\u00e3o abordava a import\u00e2ncia de proporcionar prote\u00e7\u00e3o para prevenir os casamentos for\u00e7ados, em vez de se limitar a tratar dos casos ap\u00f3s a sua ocorr\u00eancia. Mesmo quando um casamento for\u00e7ado j\u00e1 se realizou, os tribunais podem emitir FMPOs para proteger as v\u00edtimas e\/ou retir\u00e1-las da sua situa\u00e7\u00e3o atual.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Uma vez que as v\u00edtimas de casamento for\u00e7ado podem n\u00e3o conseguir proteger-se a si pr\u00f3prias, o FMCPA permite que outros solicitem uma FMPO em nome da v\u00edtima, desde que o requerente obtenha a autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o do tribunal. Para al\u00e9m disso, o FMCPA permite que \u2018terceiros relevantes\u2019 requeiram uma FMPO sem obter a autoriza\u00e7\u00e3o do tribunal, tais como as autoridades locais e a pol\u00edcia.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Ao exercer os seus poderes ao abrigo da FMCPA, o tribunal deve ter em conta todas as circunst\u00e2ncias, incluindo a necessidade de garantir a sa\u00fade, a seguran\u00e7a e o bem-estar da pessoa a proteger (s.63A(2)) e deve ter em conta os desejos e sentimentos da v\u00edtima, na medida em que seja poss\u00edvel verific\u00e1-los (s.63A(3)).<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">O tribunal tamb\u00e9m pode apresentar um requerimento noutros processos de fam\u00edlia (s.63c(6)) se considerar que deve ser emitida uma ordem de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra o casamento for\u00e7ado para proteger uma pessoa (quer seja ou n\u00e3o parte no processo atual); e se uma pessoa que seria requerida em qualquer processo para uma ordem de prote\u00e7\u00e3o contra o casamento for\u00e7ado for parte no processo atual.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Os pedidos de FMPO tamb\u00e9m podem ser apresentados numa base ex parte. Nestes casos, o pedido deve ser atribu\u00eddo ao primeiro juiz dispon\u00edvel do Tribunal de Fam\u00edlia. No entanto, nem todos os tribunais t\u00eam compet\u00eancia para apreciar os pedidos de FMPO, uma vez que s\u00e3o necess\u00e1rios conhecimentos especializados.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: justify;\">Al\u00e9m disso, em 16 de junho de 2014, o Governo introduziu novas infrac\u00e7\u00f5es penais relacionadas com o casamento for\u00e7ado ao abrigo da Sec\u00e7\u00e3o 120\/121 da Lei sobre Comportamento Anti-Social, Crime e Policiamento de 2014. For\u00e7ar algu\u00e9m a casar implica agora uma pena m\u00e1xima de sete anos de pris\u00e3o, enquanto a viola\u00e7\u00e3o dos termos da lei civil FMPO se tornou uma infra\u00e7\u00e3o penal com uma pena m\u00e1xima de cinco anos de pris\u00e3o.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Until relatively recently, forced marriage was not a specific criminal offence, nor were there protective measures within&#8230;<\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":20068,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-family-law","category-general-news"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>The development of the law in 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